Coriander and cilantro are versatile herbs and spices from different parts of the same plant. They are often confused with one another, but they have distinct uses and flavors. Knowing how to distinguish between coriander and cilantro can help use each ingredient to achieve the desired taste.
Are Coriander and Cilantro the Same?
While coriander and cilantro come from the same plant species, Coriandrum sativum, they are derived from different plant parts. Cilantro is the fresh, leafy greens, and coriander usually refers to the dried seeds.
In most countries, the two can be used interchangeably. The only major exception to this is in the United States, where the word coriander is used to refer to the dry, ground-up seeds of the cilantro plant, and the word cilantro is used only for the plant stems and leaves when fresh. It’s important to note that fresh coriander is always the same as cilantro, even in the US.
Origin of Coriander
Coriander originates from the Southern Europe, Northern Africa, and Southwestern Asia regions. Cultivated for thousands of years, coriander dates back to ancient Egypt and has been mentioned in early Greek and Roman texts.
Cilantro Origin
Cilantro has been used in cooking and medicine for thousands of years, originating from the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern regions. Valued since ancient times, cilantro eventually spread throughout the world and became a staple in Indian and Mexican cuisines.
Coriander Seeds Nutritional Information
Coriander seeds aid in digestion while also supporting bone strength and overall well-being. They are rich in fiber, calcium, iron, and magnesium.
Cilantro Leaves Nutritional Information
Cilantro is known to promote immune function and also help reduce inflammation. These low-calorie leaves are loaded with antioxidants and high in vitamins A, C, and K.
Flavor Differences Between Coriander Seeds and Cilantro Leaves
The flavor profile of coriander seeds and cilantro leaves differs in taste and what they bring to dishes. With a warm, citrusy taste, coriander seeds offer a touch of sweetness and spice. Cilantro leaves, on the other hand, bring a fresh flavor to dishes with a slightly peppery taste.
Coriander Ground Form Culinary Uses
- A key ingredient in Indian curries
- In chilis
- Added to hummus
- As a stew seasoning
- Combined with other spices and liquids for marinades
- Included in spice blends and rubs
Fresh Cilantro Culinary Uses
- A main ingredient in salsas
- Mixed into guacamole
- Garnish for tacos
- In curries and soups
- Added to salads
- As a rice topping
Can You Swap Coriander for Cilantro?
Coriander and cilantro, in international recipes, are the same thing and can be used interchangeably, but recipes that call for dry coriander should not use fresh cilantro as a replacement, as these ingredients are not interchangeable. When making an American recipe, however, it’s important to note that coriander often refers to the dry plant seeds and cilantro to the fresh plant. Therefore, trading one for the other will change the taste of some recipes, especially when the recipe is for baked goods.
It’s best to look at the recipe photos to see if the recipe you are following shows an image of what type of coriander you are supposed to use. If the recipe calls for fresh coriander, this can always be replaced on a one-to-one basis with cilantro.
Coriander Seeds Substitutions
- Cumin seeds
- Caraway seeds
- Fennel seeds
- Paprika
Cilantro Leaves Substitutions
- Parsley
- Basil
- Mint
- Chervil
Storage and Shelf Life
Coriander Seeds
To retain their potency for up to two years, coriander seeds should be stored properly in an airtight container, in a cool, dark place like a cabinet or pantry. While ground coriander seeds lose their flavor more quickly, it is recommended to grind them as needed for a longer shelf life.
Cilantro Leaves
Cilantro leaves are a perishable item that will usually last about one to two weeks if refrigerated in a plastic bag or container with a damp paper towel to keep them hydrated. They can be frozen in an airtight container for longer storage but may lose some flavor and texture.
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